The Cimmerians were a nomadic Indo-European people who appeared around 1000 BC by means of the Caucasus. They inhabited the region north of the Caucasus and Black Sea in what is now Ukraine and Russia. The Cimmerians assaulted Armenia in 714 BC, but were repulsed by Sargon II of Assyria. They then turned towards Anatolia and conquered Phrygia. In 652, the Cimmerians reached their peak by conquering Sardis the capital of Lydia. The Greek city states of Ionia and Aeolis were also attacked. Eventually the Cimmerians were routed by the Lydians, forced out of Anatolia and reportedly settled in modern day Armenia.

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